What is Vienna Declaration

 Vienna Declaration – In English


The Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action (VDPA) was adopted on 25 June 1993 at the World Conference on Human Rights held in Vienna, Austria. It is regarded as one of the most significant documents in the field of human rights after the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948).


Key Points


1. Universality of Human Rights – The declaration reaffirmed that human rights are universal, indivisible, interdependent, and interrelated. No country can use cultural, religious, or political differences as an excuse to violate basic rights.



2. Equality and Non-Discrimination – It strongly emphasized the elimination of all forms of discrimination, particularly against women, children, minorities, and indigenous people.



3. Women’s Rights – A historic statement was made: “Women’s rights are human rights.” It called for the elimination of gender-based violence and promoted equal participation of women in society.



4. Right to Development – It recognized the right to development as a universal human right, linking human rights with economic progress and social justice.



5. Human Rights Institutions – The declaration recommended the strengthening of national institutions and mechanisms for the protection of human rights in all countries.



6. Establishment of the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights – One of the major outcomes was the creation of the office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) in 1993.




Importance


The Vienna Declaration provided a comprehensive framework for human rights in the modern world.


It brought together civil, political, economic, social, and cultural rights under one umbrella.


It strengthened international cooperation and accountability for protecting human dignity worldwide.




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वियना घोषणा पत्र – हिंदी में


वियना घोषणा पत्र और कार्य कार्यक्रम (Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action - VDPA) को 25 जून 1993 को मानवाधिकारों पर वियना विश्व सम्मेलन (Vienna World Conference on Human Rights) में अपनाया गया था। यह 1948 की मानवाधिकारों की सार्वभौम घोषणा (UDHR) के बाद सबसे महत्वपूर्ण दस्तावेज़ों में से एक माना जाता है।


मुख्य बिंदु


1. मानवाधिकारों की सार्वभौमिकता – घोषणा पत्र ने दोहराया कि मानवाधिकार सार्वभौमिक, अविभाज्य, परस्पर निर्भर और परस्पर संबंधित हैं। कोई भी देश सांस्कृतिक, धार्मिक या राजनीतिक कारणों का बहाना बनाकर मानवाधिकारों का उल्लंघन नहीं कर सकता।



2. समानता और भेदभाव का उन्मूलन – इसमें विशेष रूप से महिलाओं, बच्चों, अल्पसंख्यकों और आदिवासी समुदायों के खिलाफ सभी प्रकार के भेदभाव को समाप्त करने पर जोर दिया गया।



3. महिलाओं के अधिकार – इसमें ऐतिहासिक घोषणा की गई: “महिलाओं के अधिकार, मानवाधिकार हैं।” इसमें महिलाओं के खिलाफ हिंसा खत्म करने और समाज में उनकी समान भागीदारी की बात कही गई।



4. विकास का अधिकार – इसमें विकास के अधिकार को एक सार्वभौमिक मानवाधिकार के रूप में मान्यता दी गई, जिसमें मानवाधिकारों को आर्थिक प्रगति और सामाजिक न्याय से जोड़ा गया।



5. मानवाधिकार संस्थाएं – घोषणा पत्र ने देशों में राष्ट्रीय संस्थाओं और प्रणालियों को मजबूत करने की सिफारिश की ताकि मानवाधिकारों की रक्षा सुनिश्चित हो सके।



6. संयुक्त राष्ट्र मानवाधिकार उच्चायुक्त का गठन – इस घोषणा का एक बड़ा परिणाम था संयुक्त राष्ट्र मानवाधिकार उच्चायुक्त (OHCHR) के पद की स्थापना (1993)।




महत्व


वियना घोषणा पत्र ने आधुनिक युग में मानवाधिकारों के लिए एक व्यापक ढांचा प्रदान किया।


इसमें नागरिक, राजनीतिक, आर्थिक, सामाजिक और सांस्कृतिक अधिकारों को एक साथ जोड़ा गया।


इसने वैश्विक स्तर पर सहयोग और जवाबदेही को मजबूत किया ताकि मानव गरिमा की रक्षा हो सके।



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