Non state aspects of terrorism

 non-state aspect of terrorism in paragraph style.



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English


The non-state aspect of terrorism refers to violent activities carried out by groups or individuals who are not officially linked to any government. Unlike state-sponsored terrorism, which is supported or funded by a government, non-state terrorism is driven by private organizations, extremist groups, or individuals pursuing political, religious, or ideological goals. Such groups often operate beyond national borders and use violent tactics like bombings, assassinations, cyberattacks, and guerrilla warfare to instill fear and exert pressure on states and societies. Examples include international terrorist networks like Al-Qaeda, ISIS, or domestic insurgent groups that challenge state authority. The rise of globalization, technology, and social media has further strengthened non-state actors, giving them tools to spread propaganda, recruit members, and coordinate attacks worldwide. Thus, the non-state aspect of terrorism highlights how modern threats to security are no longer limited to traditional wars between states but also emerge from powerful non-state entities that destabilize peace and security globally.



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हिन्दी


आतंकवाद का गैर-राज्य पक्ष उन हिंसक गतिविधियों को दर्शाता है जिन्हें ऐसे समूह या व्यक्ति अंजाम देते हैं जिनका किसी सरकार से आधिकारिक संबंध नहीं होता। राज्य प्रायोजित आतंकवाद के विपरीत, जिसमें सरकारें समर्थन या वित्तीय सहायता देती हैं, गैर-राज्य आतंकवाद निजी संगठनों, उग्रवादी समूहों या व्यक्तियों द्वारा राजनीतिक, धार्मिक या वैचारिक उद्देश्यों की पूर्ति के लिए किया जाता है। ऐसे समूह अक्सर राष्ट्रीय सीमाओं से परे काम करते हैं और बम धमाकों, हत्याओं, साइबर हमलों तथा गुरिल्ला युद्ध जैसी हिंसक रणनीतियों का प्रयोग करके समाज और राज्यों में भय पैदा करते हैं। इसके उदाहरण अल-कायदा, आईएसआईएस जैसे अंतर्राष्ट्रीय आतंकी नेटवर्क या वे घरेलू विद्रोही समूह हैं जो राज्य की सत्ता को चुनौती देते हैं। वैश्वीकरण, तकनीक और सोशल मीडिया ने गैर-राज्य अभिनेताओं को और अधिक सशक्त बना दिया है, जिससे वे प्रचार फैलाने, सदस्य भर्ती करने और विश्व स्तर पर हमले समन्वित करने में सक्षम हो गए हैं। इस प्रकार आतंकवाद का गैर-राज्य पक्ष यह दर्शाता है कि आधुनिक सुरक्षा के खतरे केवल राज्यों के बीच पारंपरिक युद्धों तक सीमित नहीं हैं, बल्कि शक्तिशाली गैर-राज्य समूहों से भी उत्पन्न होते हैं, जो वैश्विक शांति और सुरक्षा को अस्थिर करते हैं।


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