What is universal adult franchise

 In English


Universal Adult Franchise means the right of every adult citizen of a country to vote in elections without any discrimination of caste, creed, religion, race, sex, or wealth. It ensures political equality among all citizens.


In India, the principle of universal adult franchise is enshrined in Article 326 of the Constitution. According to it, every citizen of India who is 18 years of age or above has the right to vote in elections to the Lok Sabha and the State Legislative Assemblies, provided they are not disqualified on the grounds of non-residence, unsound mind, crime, or corrupt electoral practices.


The adoption of universal adult franchise in India was a revolutionary step because at the time of independence, a large portion of the population was illiterate and poor. Despite doubts, the framers of the Constitution, led by Dr. B. R. Ambedkar, decided to grant equal voting rights to all adults from the very beginning.


Thus, universal adult franchise is not just a right but also a symbol of equality and democracy. It empowers people to choose their representatives and participate in governance, making the government truly "of the people, by the people, and for the people."



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In Hindi (हिन्दी में)


सार्वभौमिक वयस्क मताधिकार (Universal Adult Franchise) का अर्थ है कि किसी भी देश का हर वयस्क नागरिक चुनावों में मतदान करने का अधिकार रखता है, चाहे उसका धर्म, जाति, लिंग, सम्प्रदाय, रंग, भाषा, शिक्षा या धन-संपत्ति कुछ भी क्यों न हो। यह राजनीतिक समानता का प्रतीक है।


भारत में सार्वभौमिक वयस्क मताधिकार का प्रावधान संविधान के अनुच्छेद 326 में किया गया है। इसके अनुसार, हर भारतीय नागरिक जिसकी आयु 18 वर्ष या उससे अधिक है, उसे लोकसभा और राज्य विधानसभाओं के चुनावों में मतदान करने का अधिकार है, बशर्ते कि वह निवास न करने, मानसिक अस्वस्थता, अपराध या भ्रष्ट चुनावी गतिविधियों के आधार पर अयोग्य न घोषित किया गया हो।


स्वतंत्रता के समय जब अधिकांश जनता अशिक्षित और गरीब थी, तब भी संविधान निर्माताओं ने, विशेषकर डॉ. भीमराव आंबेडकर के नेतृत्व में, सबको समान मतदान अधिकार देने का निर्णय लिया। यह भारत के लोकतंत्र के लिए एक ऐतिहासिक और क्रांतिकारी कदम था।


इस प्रकार, सार्वभौमिक वयस्क मताधिकार केवल एक अधिकार ही नहीं बल्कि समानता और लोकतंत्र का आधार है। यह जनता को अपनी सरकार चुनने और शासन में भाग लेने की शक्ति देता है, जिससे सरकार वास्तव में "जनता की, जनता के द्वारा और जनता के लिए" बनती है।



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