Write a note on India china border dispute

 India–China Border Dispute


The India–China border dispute is a long-standing and complex issue involving disagreements over the demarcation of their shared 3,488 km border. The two main disputed regions are:


1. Aksai Chin (Western Sector):

Aksai Chin is located in the Union Territory of Ladakh. China controls this region but India claims it as part of its territory. China built a road through Aksai Chin in the 1950s, leading to tensions and eventually the 1962 Sino-Indian War, in which China gained control of Aksai Chin.


2. Arunachal Pradesh (Eastern Sector):

China claims the Indian state of Arunachal Pradesh as part of “South Tibet,” particularly the Tawang region. India strongly rejects this claim and considers it an integral part of its territory.


3. Middle Sector:

This sector includes parts of Uttarakhand and Himachal Pradesh. Though disputes here are relatively minor, they still occasionally cause friction.


Recent Developments:


In June 2020, violent clashes in the Galwan Valley (Ladakh) led to the deaths of soldiers on both sides—the first such fatalities in decades.


Since then, both countries have built up military infrastructure near the Line of Actual Control (LAC), increasing tension.


Multiple rounds of diplomatic and military-level talks have taken place, but full disengagement has not yet been achieved in all friction points.



Efforts for Resolution:


Agreements like the 1993 Peace and Tranquility Agreement aimed to maintain peace along the LAC.


Despite talks, trust remains low due to frequent incursions and infrastructure development on both sides.



Conclusion:

The India–China border dispute remains unresolved and continues to impact bilateral relations. While both sides stress dialogue and peaceful resolution, mutual suspicions and strategic rivalry complicate the process.


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