Security in the contemporary world

 Security in the Contemporary World – 100 Questions and Answers

Concept and Types of Security

1. Q: What is the meaning of security?

A: Security means freedom from threats.

2. Q: What are the two types of security?

A: Traditional and non-traditional security.

3. Q: What is traditional security?

A: Protection of a state from military threats.

4. Q: What is non-traditional security?

A: Threats that are not military in nature like poverty, disease, terrorism, etc.

5. Q: Name a key goal of traditional security.

A: Territorial integrity and political sovereignty.

6. Q: What is the primary method used in traditional security?

A: Military power.

7. Q: What does human security focus on?

A: Individual well-being and dignity.

8. Q: What is the main threat in human security?

A: Threats to life, health, education, and rights.

9. Q: Give an example of non-traditional security.

A: Climate change.

10. Q: What is global security?

A: Protection of people and states from global threats.

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Traditional Security: Deterrence and War

11. Q: What is deterrence?

A: Preventing war by threatening retaliation.

12. Q: What does balance of power mean?

A: No single nation is stronger than others combined.

13. Q: What is arms race?

A: Competitive increase in weapons among countries.

14. Q: What is disarmament?

A: Reducing or eliminating weapons.

15. Q: What is the role of military alliances?

A: Providing collective defense (e.g., NATO).

16. Q: Give an example of traditional military alliance.

A: NATO.

17. Q: What is the importance of territorial integrity?

A: It ensures a state’s geographical boundaries are respected.

18. Q: Name a war based on traditional security.

A: World War II.

19. Q: What is an offensive military strategy?

A: Attacking first to gain an advantage.

20. Q: What is a defensive military strategy?

A: Focusing on resisting attacks.

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Nuclear Security and Arms Control

21. Q: What are Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMDs)?

A: Weapons that cause large-scale destruction like nuclear bombs.

22. Q: What is the NPT?

A: Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty.

23. Q: When was the NPT signed?

A: 1968.

24. Q: What does the NPT aim to prevent?

A: The spread of nuclear weapons.

25. Q: What is CTBT?

A: Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty.

26. Q: Has India signed the NPT?

A: No.

27. Q: Has India signed the CTBT?

A: No.

28. Q: What is nuclear deterrence?

A: Preventing nuclear war through the threat of retaliation.

29. Q: Name two countries with nuclear weapons.

A: USA and Russia.

30. Q: Which organization monitors nuclear activities?

A: IAEA (International Atomic Energy Agency).

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Non-Traditional Security Threats

31. Q: What is terrorism?

A: Use of violence for political or ideological goals.

32. Q: What is human trafficking?

A: Illegal trade of humans for exploitation.

33. Q: What is cyber security?

A: Protection of computer systems and data.

34. Q: What is health security?

A: Protection from diseases and pandemics.

35. Q: Name a global health security threat.

A: COVID-19.

36. Q: What is environmental security?

A: Protection from environmental degradation.

37. Q: What is food security?

A: Availability of sufficient, safe, and nutritious food.

38. Q: What is energy security?

A: Availability of reliable and affordable energy.

39. Q: What is migration security?

A: Managing and securing migration flows.

40. Q: What is drug trafficking?

A: Illegal trade of drugs.

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Global Cooperation and Security

41. Q: What is the role of the UN in global security?

A: Peacekeeping and conflict resolution.

42. Q: What does UN Peacekeeping do?

A: Maintains peace in conflict areas.

43. Q: What is collective security?

A: Agreement among countries for mutual protection.

44. Q: What is the role of the UN Security Council?

A: Maintaining international peace and security.

45. Q: Name a recent UN peacekeeping mission.

A: MINUSMA in Mali.

46. Q: What is conflict resolution?

A: Settling disputes peacefully.

47. Q: What is preventive diplomacy?

A: Resolving issues before conflict arises.

48. Q: What is arms control?

A: Restricting weapon development and deployment.

49. Q: What is multilateralism?

A: Cooperation among multiple countries.

50. Q: What is the role of regional organizations in security?

A: Address regional conflicts (e.g., ASEAN, AU).

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India and Security

51. Q: What type of security threats does India face?

A: Both traditional (borders) and non-traditional (terrorism, cyber).

52. Q: What is India's nuclear policy?

A: No First Use.

53. Q: Name one traditional security threat to India.

A: Border tensions with Pakistan and China.

54. Q: Name one non-traditional threat to India.

A: Terrorism.

55. Q: What is internal security?

A: Protection from threats within the country.

56. Q: What is India’s role in UN peacekeeping?

A: One of the largest troop contributors.

57. Q: What is India's position on disarmament?

A: Supports universal and non-discriminatory disarmament.

58. Q: Which Indian agency deals with internal security?

A: Ministry of Home Affairs.

59. Q: What is the purpose of India's armed forces?

A: Protecting national borders and sovereignty.

60. Q: What is India's cyber security agency?

A: CERT-In (Indian Computer Emergency Response Team).

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Security and Globalization

61. Q: How has globalization affected security?

A: Increased interdependence and spread of global threats.

62. Q: Name one globalized non-traditional threat.

A: Cyber attacks.

63. Q: What is economic security?

A: Stability in income, employment, and markets.

64. Q: How does poverty affect human security?

A: It increases vulnerability to exploitation.

65. Q: What are soft threats?

A: Threats not involving physical violence (e.g., propaganda).

66. Q: What are hard threats?

A: Threats involving violence or force (e.g., war).

67. Q: What is climate change?

A: A global environmental security threat.

68. Q: What is the Kyoto Protocol?

A: A treaty to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

69. Q: What replaced the Kyoto Protocol?

A: The Paris Agreement.

70. Q: What is sustainable development?

A: Development that meets present needs without harming future generations.

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Security in the 21st Century

71. Q: What is asymmetric warfare?

A: Conflict between unequal powers (e.g., state vs terrorist group).

72. Q: What is hybrid warfare?

A: A mix of conventional and unconventional tactics.

73. Q: What is biological warfare?

A: Using viruses or bacteria as weapons.

74. Q: What is chemical warfare?

A: Use of toxic chemicals in war.

75. Q: Name a treaty banning chemical weapons.

A: Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC).

76. Q: What is cyber terrorism?

A: Use of digital attacks for ideological purposes.

77. Q: What are drones used for in security?

A: Surveillance and targeted strikes.

78. Q: What is intelligence gathering?

A: Collecting information to assess threats.

79. Q: What is the role of satellites in security?

A: Surveillance and communication.

80. Q: What is the importance of diplomacy in security?

A: Resolving conflicts peacefully.

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International Laws and Security

81. Q: What is international humanitarian law?

A: Rules for conduct during war.

82. Q: Name an important humanitarian law treaty.

A: Geneva Conventions.

83. Q: What is the ICC?

A: International Criminal Court.

84. Q: What does the ICC prosecute?

A: War crimes, crimes against humanity, genocide.

85. Q: What is the role of NGOs in security?

A: Providing aid and raising awareness.

86. Q: What is SAARC's role in South Asian security?

A: Promotes regional cooperation.

87. Q: What is intelligence sharing?

A: Exchanging threat information between nations.

88. Q: What is the difference between internal and external security?

A: Internal relates to domestic threats; external to foreign threats.

89. Q: What is the role of police in internal security?

A: Maintaining law and order.

90. Q: What is border security?

A: Protection of national boundaries.

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Contemporary Examples and Applications

91. Q: Name a major recent global pandemic.

A: COVID-19.

92. Q: What is ransomware?

A: Cyber attack that locks data for ransom.

93. Q: Name a conflict zone needing humanitarian aid.

A: Gaza, Ukraine, or Sudan.

94. Q: What is a refugee crisis?

A: Mass displacement due to war or disaster.

95. Q: What causes civil wars?

A: Ethnic, political, or economic issues.

96. Q: What is a proxy war?

A: War supported by external powers indirectly.

97. Q: What is digital surveillance?

A: Monitoring digital activities for security.

98. Q: What are economic sanctions?

A: Penalties imposed to influence behavior of states.

99. Q: What is a coup d'état?

A: Sudden overthrow of a government.

100. Q: What is peacebuilding?

A: Creating conditions for lasting peace post-conflict.

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