Security in the contemporary world
Security in the Contemporary World – 100 Questions and Answers
Concept and Types of Security
1. Q: What is the meaning of security?
A: Security means freedom from threats.
2. Q: What are the two types of security?
A: Traditional and non-traditional security.
3. Q: What is traditional security?
A: Protection of a state from military threats.
4. Q: What is non-traditional security?
A: Threats that are not military in nature like poverty, disease, terrorism, etc.
5. Q: Name a key goal of traditional security.
A: Territorial integrity and political sovereignty.
6. Q: What is the primary method used in traditional security?
A: Military power.
7. Q: What does human security focus on?
A: Individual well-being and dignity.
8. Q: What is the main threat in human security?
A: Threats to life, health, education, and rights.
9. Q: Give an example of non-traditional security.
A: Climate change.
10. Q: What is global security?
A: Protection of people and states from global threats.
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Traditional Security: Deterrence and War
11. Q: What is deterrence?
A: Preventing war by threatening retaliation.
12. Q: What does balance of power mean?
A: No single nation is stronger than others combined.
13. Q: What is arms race?
A: Competitive increase in weapons among countries.
14. Q: What is disarmament?
A: Reducing or eliminating weapons.
15. Q: What is the role of military alliances?
A: Providing collective defense (e.g., NATO).
16. Q: Give an example of traditional military alliance.
A: NATO.
17. Q: What is the importance of territorial integrity?
A: It ensures a state’s geographical boundaries are respected.
18. Q: Name a war based on traditional security.
A: World War II.
19. Q: What is an offensive military strategy?
A: Attacking first to gain an advantage.
20. Q: What is a defensive military strategy?
A: Focusing on resisting attacks.
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Nuclear Security and Arms Control
21. Q: What are Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMDs)?
A: Weapons that cause large-scale destruction like nuclear bombs.
22. Q: What is the NPT?
A: Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty.
23. Q: When was the NPT signed?
A: 1968.
24. Q: What does the NPT aim to prevent?
A: The spread of nuclear weapons.
25. Q: What is CTBT?
A: Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty.
26. Q: Has India signed the NPT?
A: No.
27. Q: Has India signed the CTBT?
A: No.
28. Q: What is nuclear deterrence?
A: Preventing nuclear war through the threat of retaliation.
29. Q: Name two countries with nuclear weapons.
A: USA and Russia.
30. Q: Which organization monitors nuclear activities?
A: IAEA (International Atomic Energy Agency).
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Non-Traditional Security Threats
31. Q: What is terrorism?
A: Use of violence for political or ideological goals.
32. Q: What is human trafficking?
A: Illegal trade of humans for exploitation.
33. Q: What is cyber security?
A: Protection of computer systems and data.
34. Q: What is health security?
A: Protection from diseases and pandemics.
35. Q: Name a global health security threat.
A: COVID-19.
36. Q: What is environmental security?
A: Protection from environmental degradation.
37. Q: What is food security?
A: Availability of sufficient, safe, and nutritious food.
38. Q: What is energy security?
A: Availability of reliable and affordable energy.
39. Q: What is migration security?
A: Managing and securing migration flows.
40. Q: What is drug trafficking?
A: Illegal trade of drugs.
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Global Cooperation and Security
41. Q: What is the role of the UN in global security?
A: Peacekeeping and conflict resolution.
42. Q: What does UN Peacekeeping do?
A: Maintains peace in conflict areas.
43. Q: What is collective security?
A: Agreement among countries for mutual protection.
44. Q: What is the role of the UN Security Council?
A: Maintaining international peace and security.
45. Q: Name a recent UN peacekeeping mission.
A: MINUSMA in Mali.
46. Q: What is conflict resolution?
A: Settling disputes peacefully.
47. Q: What is preventive diplomacy?
A: Resolving issues before conflict arises.
48. Q: What is arms control?
A: Restricting weapon development and deployment.
49. Q: What is multilateralism?
A: Cooperation among multiple countries.
50. Q: What is the role of regional organizations in security?
A: Address regional conflicts (e.g., ASEAN, AU).
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India and Security
51. Q: What type of security threats does India face?
A: Both traditional (borders) and non-traditional (terrorism, cyber).
52. Q: What is India's nuclear policy?
A: No First Use.
53. Q: Name one traditional security threat to India.
A: Border tensions with Pakistan and China.
54. Q: Name one non-traditional threat to India.
A: Terrorism.
55. Q: What is internal security?
A: Protection from threats within the country.
56. Q: What is India’s role in UN peacekeeping?
A: One of the largest troop contributors.
57. Q: What is India's position on disarmament?
A: Supports universal and non-discriminatory disarmament.
58. Q: Which Indian agency deals with internal security?
A: Ministry of Home Affairs.
59. Q: What is the purpose of India's armed forces?
A: Protecting national borders and sovereignty.
60. Q: What is India's cyber security agency?
A: CERT-In (Indian Computer Emergency Response Team).
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Security and Globalization
61. Q: How has globalization affected security?
A: Increased interdependence and spread of global threats.
62. Q: Name one globalized non-traditional threat.
A: Cyber attacks.
63. Q: What is economic security?
A: Stability in income, employment, and markets.
64. Q: How does poverty affect human security?
A: It increases vulnerability to exploitation.
65. Q: What are soft threats?
A: Threats not involving physical violence (e.g., propaganda).
66. Q: What are hard threats?
A: Threats involving violence or force (e.g., war).
67. Q: What is climate change?
A: A global environmental security threat.
68. Q: What is the Kyoto Protocol?
A: A treaty to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
69. Q: What replaced the Kyoto Protocol?
A: The Paris Agreement.
70. Q: What is sustainable development?
A: Development that meets present needs without harming future generations.
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Security in the 21st Century
71. Q: What is asymmetric warfare?
A: Conflict between unequal powers (e.g., state vs terrorist group).
72. Q: What is hybrid warfare?
A: A mix of conventional and unconventional tactics.
73. Q: What is biological warfare?
A: Using viruses or bacteria as weapons.
74. Q: What is chemical warfare?
A: Use of toxic chemicals in war.
75. Q: Name a treaty banning chemical weapons.
A: Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC).
76. Q: What is cyber terrorism?
A: Use of digital attacks for ideological purposes.
77. Q: What are drones used for in security?
A: Surveillance and targeted strikes.
78. Q: What is intelligence gathering?
A: Collecting information to assess threats.
79. Q: What is the role of satellites in security?
A: Surveillance and communication.
80. Q: What is the importance of diplomacy in security?
A: Resolving conflicts peacefully.
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International Laws and Security
81. Q: What is international humanitarian law?
A: Rules for conduct during war.
82. Q: Name an important humanitarian law treaty.
A: Geneva Conventions.
83. Q: What is the ICC?
A: International Criminal Court.
84. Q: What does the ICC prosecute?
A: War crimes, crimes against humanity, genocide.
85. Q: What is the role of NGOs in security?
A: Providing aid and raising awareness.
86. Q: What is SAARC's role in South Asian security?
A: Promotes regional cooperation.
87. Q: What is intelligence sharing?
A: Exchanging threat information between nations.
88. Q: What is the difference between internal and external security?
A: Internal relates to domestic threats; external to foreign threats.
89. Q: What is the role of police in internal security?
A: Maintaining law and order.
90. Q: What is border security?
A: Protection of national boundaries.
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Contemporary Examples and Applications
91. Q: Name a major recent global pandemic.
A: COVID-19.
92. Q: What is ransomware?
A: Cyber attack that locks data for ransom.
93. Q: Name a conflict zone needing humanitarian aid.
A: Gaza, Ukraine, or Sudan.
94. Q: What is a refugee crisis?
A: Mass displacement due to war or disaster.
95. Q: What causes civil wars?
A: Ethnic, political, or economic issues.
96. Q: What is a proxy war?
A: War supported by external powers indirectly.
97. Q: What is digital surveillance?
A: Monitoring digital activities for security.
98. Q: What are economic sanctions?
A: Penalties imposed to influence behavior of states.
99. Q: What is a coup d'état?
A: Sudden overthrow of a government.
100. Q: What is peacebuilding?
A: Creating conditions for lasting peace post-conflict.
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