Mordern Education

  Vladimir Putin has been actively working or intervening in the current Russia–Ukraine war . Since the beginning of the Russia–Ukraine war in February 2022, Vladimir Putin has been deeply engaged in almost every phase of the conflict. His involvement cannot be counted in a fixed number of times like separate occasions, because as the President of Russia, his role has been continuous and central. From the very first announcement of the so-called "special military operation," Putin has personally addressed the Russian people and the world through televised speeches, strategic decisions, and diplomatic interventions. Throughout the war, he has chaired countless meetings with the Russian Security Council, military chiefs, and government officials to assess battlefield situations and economic sanctions. He has also made several high-profile visits, such as traveling to occupied territories, visiting front-line command centers, and hosting foreign leaders in Moscow to strengthen ...

  Russia’s icebreaker ships used by its navy  An icebreaker ship of the Russian military is a specially designed vessel capable of navigating through thick layers of ice in the Arctic Ocean . Russia possesses the largest and most powerful fleet of icebreakers in the world, which play a crucial role in both civilian and military operations. These ships are equipped with reinforced hulls, powerful engines, and nuclear propulsion systems that allow them to break through frozen seas where ordinary ships cannot travel. For the Russian Navy , icebreakers are not just transport or research vessels—they are also strategic assets that help secure the Northern Sea Route , escort naval convoys, and ensure year-round access to Arctic bases. Some modern Russian icebreakers are nuclear-powered , such as the Arktika class , which can operate for years without refueling. Several of these ships are also designed with dual capabilities, meaning they can carry military equipment, radar systems...

  Russia is making any kind of military build-up in the Arctic . Yes, Russia has been actively engaged in military build-up in the Arctic, and this development has become a matter of global concern. The Arctic region holds immense strategic importance because of its vast reserves of oil , natural gas, and minerals, as well as new sea routes opening due to melting ice. Recognizing this, Russia has steadily expanded its military presence in the region over the past decade. It has re-opened old Soviet-era bases, established new airfields, and modernized ports along the Northern Sea Route . Additionally, Russia has deployed advanced weapon systems such as the S-400 missile defense system, radar stations, submarines, and icebreakers with military capabilities. These steps are part of its strategy to secure economic interests and maintain dominance over the Arctic waterways. While Moscow argues that its activities are defensive in nature and aimed at protecting national interests, man...

chance of conflict in the Arctic, The Arctic region , long considered a remote and frozen frontier, has recently become one of the most geopolitically sensitive areas in the world. With the rapid melting of ice due to climate change , new shipping routes are opening up, offering faster connections between Asia, Europe, and North America. These routes reduce travel time and fuel costs, making them highly attractive for global trade. At the same time, the Arctic is believed to hold vast reserves of oil, gas, and rare minerals , making it a potential hotspot for resource competition. As countries race to secure rights over these resources, the chances of conflict in the Arctic are gradually increasing. The major powers involved in the Arctic include Russia , the United States , Canada , Norway , and Denmark (through Greenland ), all of which are members of the Arctic Council . Russia, in particular, has shown strong military presence and investment in Arctic infrastructure, asserting it...

  Alaska Summit 2025 : A Successful Summit? English Version (Approx. 520+ words) The Alaska Summit 2025 can be described as a crucial turning point in the sphere of global diplomacy , climate negotiations , Arctic cooperation , and international security dialogue. When we look at the outcomes of this summit, it becomes clear that it has not only been a symbolic gathering but also a pragmatic effort to tackle some of the most pressing global challenges. The summit drew the participation of major global powers, regional stakeholders, indigenous communities , scientific experts, and non-governmental organizations, making it one of the most inclusive diplomatic platforms in recent times. To determine whether the Alaska Summit 2025 was successful, one must evaluate it in terms of its objectives, the nature of discussions, agreements achieved, and the long-term implications it promises for international relations. One of the most significant achievements of the Alaska Summit 2025 was its...

 Main Agenda of the Alaska Summit 2025 English Version (Approx. 550+ words) The Alaska Summit of 2025 emerged as one of the most significant international gatherings of the year, drawing together leaders, diplomats, environmentalists, and business innovators from across the globe. Alaska, with its unique geographical position at the intersection of the United States, Russia, and the Arctic Circle, provided both a symbolic and practical setting for discussions that revolved around three core themes: climate change , Arctic cooperation , and global security . The main agenda of the summit reflected the pressing concerns of our time and sought to align international efforts toward sustainable development, environmental conservation, and geopolitical stability . One of the primary agenda items was climate change and Arctic melting. The Arctic region has been warming at nearly four times the global average, causing rapid ice melt, rising sea levels, and profound ecological disruptions....

 Exit Polls, Their Impacts on Electoral Results, and Understanding Electoral Behaviour Introduction Elections are the lifeline of democracy. They provide citizens with the opportunity to choose their representatives, hold governments accountable, and shape the policies that govern society. In this context, the study of electoral behaviour —how, why, and when people vote—becomes a central area of political analysis. Among the many tools used to understand voting patterns and electoral outcomes, exit polls stand out as an important method. Exit polls not only provide a near-instant reflection of voter preferences but also influence the way elections are perceived by the public, political parties, and the media. However, their reliability, accuracy, and impact have often been debated, making them a subject of great interest in the study of political science. This discussion will first explain what exit polls are, how they are conducted, and how they differ from opinion polls . It wil...

Benefits of rural unorganized labour   --- English Rural unorganized labour in India , despite facing challenges such as job insecurity and lack of formal benefits , plays a crucial role in the nation’s socio-economic development . One of the key benefits is that it provides employment to a vast section of the rural population, especially those with low levels of education or skills, thereby reducing unemployment and poverty. These labourers contribute significantly to agriculture , construction , cottage industries , and small-scale enterprises , ensuring that essential economic activities continue smoothly. Another benefit is flexibility; unorganized labour often allows rural workers to engage in multiple jobs depending on seasonal demand , which helps them earn additional income and sustain their families. Furthermore, rural unorganized labour supports local economies by circulating money within villages, strengthening self-reliance and community cooperation. It also preserves ...

  unorganized labour in urban areas in India  --- In English Unorganized labour in urban areas of India consists of workers engaged in small industries, construction sites, street vending, domestic work, rickshaw pulling, sanitation, and other informal sectors. These workers are not protected by proper labour laws and lack social security benefits such as provident fund, health insurance, and pensions. A major feature of urban unorganized labour is that employment opportunities are uncertain and highly dependent on demand and supply. They usually earn very low wages, often below the minimum wage level, and are forced to work under poor and unhygienic conditions. Migrant workers form a large part of this labour force, coming from rural areas in search of better livelihood, but they face insecurity, lack of housing, and social exclusion in cities. Women workers, particularly in domestic services, tailoring, and small-scale industries, are often underpaid compared to men and fac...

 Here’s a detailed discussion on the features of rural unorganized labour in English and Hindi, in paragraph style. --- In English Rural unorganized labour in India refers to workers engaged in agriculture, small-scale industries , construction, and other informal activities who are not protected by formal labour laws or regulations. One of the key features of rural unorganized labour is its high dependence on seasonal agricultural work , which makes employment irregular and uncertain. Most of these workers are landless labourers , marginal farmers , or daily wage earners who rely on manual labour for survival. Their wages are generally low and often determined by local contractors or landlords, leaving them with little bargaining power. Another important characteristic is the lack of job security, as they can be easily replaced and are not entitled to benefits such as provident fund , pension, or health insurance. They also face harsh working conditions, long working hours, and...

 future scenario of food security in the light of the proposed National Food Security Act (NFSA) in both English and Hindi, presented in paragraph style: --- English Version The future of food security in India , in the light of the proposed National Food Security Act (NFSA), appears to be shaped by both opportunities and challenges. The Act, which aims to provide subsidized food grains to a large portion of the population, has the potential to reduce hunger and malnutrition , especially among vulnerable groups such as women, children, and the poor. By making access to food a legal right, the NFSA strengthens the idea that food security is not merely a welfare measure but a guarantee of social justice . In the coming years, if implemented effectively, the Act can ensure that no citizen suffers from starvation and that every family has access to nutritious food at affordable prices. However, the future scenario also brings certain concerns. The success of the Act will largely depe...