Types of covid vaccines

 English


During the COVID-19 pandemic, several vaccines were developed across the world to fight the spread of the virus. Among the earliest and most widely used were Pfizer-BioNTech (Comirnaty) and Moderna (mRNA-1273), both of which used mRNA technology and were primarily distributed in the United States and Europe. Oxford–AstraZeneca (Covishield in India), developed in the United Kingdom, became one of the most widely used vaccines globally, especially in Asia and Africa. In India, Covaxin, developed by Bharat Biotech, was also rolled out as an indigenous vaccine. Russia developed Sputnik V, which was distributed in several countries. China produced multiple vaccines, including Sinopharm and Sinovac (CoronaVac), which were exported to many developing nations. Other vaccines included Johnson & Johnson’s Janssen vaccine, which was a single-dose shot, and later, Novavax, which used protein-based technology. Each of these vaccines varied in technology, storage requirements, and efficacy, but together they played a crucial role in saving millions of lives worldwide.



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हिन्दी (Hindi)


कोविड-19 महामारी के दौरान दुनिया भर में कई वैक्सीन विकसित की गईं ताकि वायरस के प्रसार को रोका जा सके। शुरुआती और सबसे ज़्यादा इस्तेमाल होने वाली वैक्सीनों में फाइज़र-बायोएनटेक (Comirnaty) और मॉडर्ना (mRNA-1273) शामिल थीं, जो mRNA तकनीक पर आधारित थीं और मुख्य रूप से अमेरिका और यूरोप में दी गईं। ऑक्सफोर्ड–एस्ट्राज़ेनेका (भारत में कोविशील्ड), जो ब्रिटेन में विकसित हुई, एशिया और अफ्रीका में सबसे ज़्यादा इस्तेमाल की जाने वाली वैक्सीनों में से एक बनी। भारत में, भारत बायोटेक की कोवैक्सिन स्वदेशी वैक्सीन के रूप में शुरू की गई। रूस ने स्पुतनिक V बनाई, जिसका उपयोग कई देशों में हुआ। चीन ने कई वैक्सीनें विकसित कीं, जिनमें सिनोफार्म और सिनोवैक (कोरोनावैक) प्रमुख रहीं और इन्हें विकासशील देशों में बड़े पैमाने पर निर्यात किया गया। इसके अलावा, जॉनसन एंड जॉनसन की जैनसन वैक्सीन एक सिंगल-डोज़ वैक्सीन थी, और बाद में नोवावैक्स आई, जो प्रोटीन-आधारित तकनीक पर बनी थी। इन सभी वैक्सीनों की तकनीक, भंडारण की ज़रूरतें और प्रभावशीलता अलग-अलग थी, लेकिन सामूहिक रूप से इन्होंने पूरी दुनिया में लाखों लोगों की जान बचाने में अहम भूमिका निभाई।


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