Chinese occupation on Indian territory

 China is currently in illegal occupation of approximately 38,000 square kilometers of Indian territory in the Union Territory of Ladakh. This occupation dates back to the early 1960s and includes the Aksai Chin region. 


Additionally, under the so-called China-Pakistan 'Boundary Agreement' signed in 1963, Pakistan illegally ceded 5,180 square kilometers of Indian territory in the Shaksgam Valley (part of Pakistan-occupied Kashmir) to China. The Government of India has never recognized this agreement and maintains that it is illegal and invalid. 


Background of the Dispute


The territorial disputes between India and China primarily stem from differing perceptions of the border, particularly in the western sector (Ladakh) and the eastern sector (Arunachal Pradesh). In the western sector, the dispute centers around Aksai Chin, a high-altitude desert region. China claims Aksai Chin as part of its Xinjiang region, while India considers it an integral part of Ladakh. 


The eastern sector involves China's claims over approximately 90,000 square kilometers of territory in Arunachal Pradesh, which it refers to as "South Tibet." India firmly rejects these claims, asserting that Arunachal Pradesh is an integral part of its sovereign territory. 


Recent Developments


In October 2024, India and China reached a significant agreement to resume coordinated military patrols along their disputed Himalayan border. This development marked a step towards de-escalating tensions that had escalated since the deadly clashes in the Galwan Valley in 2020, which resulted in casualties on both sides. 


The agreement aims to restore patrolling rights along the Line of Actual Control (LAC), the de facto border established after the 1962 war. While specific details of the agreement remain undisclosed, reports indicate that both sides have initiated disengagement in certain friction points, including the Depsang Plains and Demchok. This gradual disengagement is seen as a positive step but is not sufficient to fully resolve the longstanding border dispute. 


Current Status


As of March 2025, while there has been progress in disengagement at certain points along the LAC, the overall border dispute remains unresolved. Both nations continue to engage in diplomatic and military dialogues to achieve a comprehensive resolution. The situation remains complex, with both sides maintaining a significant military presence in the region to safeguard their respective territorial claims.


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