Mordern Education

 The Political System of Newly Emerged States from the Soviet Union Introduction The collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 led to the emergence of 15 independent states: Eastern Europe: Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania Central Asia: Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan Caucasus: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia Slavic States: Russia, Ukraine, Belarus Moldova Each of these countries adopted different political systems based on historical, ethnic, and economic factors. While some embraced democracy, others remained authoritarian or semi-authoritarian. --- 1. Common Political Trends in Post-Soviet States 1.1 Transition from Communism to Multi-Party Politics Most former Soviet states initially adopted democratic frameworks with multi-party systems. However, democratic institutions remained weak, leading to political instability. Some leaders manipulated elections and constitutions to stay in power. 1.2 Rise of Presidential Systems and Authoritarianism Many states adopted p...

 Consequences of the Disintegration of the USSR Introduction The disintegration of the Soviet Union in 1991 was one of the most significant geopolitical events of the 20th century. It marked the end of the Cold War and transformed global politics, economics, and international relations. The collapse led to the emergence of 15 independent nations, a shift from communism to capitalism, and numerous economic and social crises. --- 1. Political Consequences 1.1 End of the Cold War and U.S. Unipolarity With the USSR gone, the U.S. became the world's sole superpower. The ideological conflict between capitalism and communism largely subsided. Western liberal democracy and free-market policies expanded globally. 1.2 Formation of New Independent Nations The 15 former Soviet republics (Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, etc.) became independent. New governments faced challenges in establishing political stability. Many former Soviet states adopted new constitutions and democratic reforms. 1.3 Rise of...