The Guardian view on Trump’s foreign policy: an alarming new order takes shape

In his second term, President Donald Trump has introduced a series of foreign policy initiatives that have significantly altered the United States' role on the global stage. These actions, characterized by a blend of neo-isolationist and expansionist strategies, have sparked widespread debate and concern among international observers.

Expansionist Ambitions

A notable aspect of Trump's recent foreign policy is his expansionist approach, reminiscent of early 20th-century American imperialism. In December 2024, he proposed acquiring Greenland from Denmark, citing national security interests. This proposal, echoing a similar suggestion from his first term, was met with firm rejection from the Danish government. Undeterred, Trump escalated his rhetoric, refusing to rule out economic or military measures to gain control over Greenland. This stance has strained U.S.-Denmark relations and raised concerns about American intentions in the Arctic region.

Simultaneously, Trump has exerted pressure on Canada, imposing a 25% tariff on Canadian goods to address what he perceives as issues related to illegal migration and drug trafficking across the northern U.S. border. In a provocative move, he referred to Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau as the "Governor of the Great State of Canada," suggesting a desire to incorporate Canada into the United States. These actions have led to heightened tensions between the two nations, with Canada threatening retaliatory measures, including cutting off energy supplies to the northern United States.

Further south, Trump has demanded that Panama cede control of the Panama Canal back to the United States, citing concerns over "excessive rates" charged for American vessels. This demand harks back to the early 20th century when the U.S. controlled the canal zone, and it has been met with resistance from the Panamanian government, which views it as an infringement on its sovereignty.

Middle East Interventions

In the Middle East, Trump's policies have taken a controversial turn. He has proposed assuming "ownership" of the Gaza Strip, with plans to displace over two million Palestinians and transform the area into a Middle Eastern "riviera." This proposal includes resettling Palestinians in neighboring countries such as Egypt and Jordan. Both nations have vehemently opposed the plan, citing concerns over political stability and security. Egyptian President Abdel Fatah al-Sisi and Jordanian King Abdullah II have scheduled meetings in Washington to express their objections, highlighting the potential for increased regional instability resulting from such unilateral U.S. actions.

Trade and Tariffs

Trade policy under Trump's second term has been marked by aggressive tariff implementations. In February 2025, he announced new tariffs on goods from Mexico, Canada, and China, acknowledging that American consumers might experience "short-term" discomfort as a result. These measures are part of his broader strategy to reduce trade deficits and encourage domestic manufacturing. However, critics argue that such tariffs could lead to trade wars, disrupt global supply chains, and ultimately harm the U.S. economy.

Strategic Competition with China

Trump's administration continues to view China as a primary strategic competitor. Policies aimed at countering China's influence include efforts to decouple economically, enhance military capabilities in the Indo-Pacific region, and press allies to share more of the defense burden. These actions are designed to curb China's growing global influence but risk escalating tensions and potentially leading to a new Cold War dynamic.

Transactional Diplomacy

A hallmark of Trump's foreign policy is its transactional nature, where relationships with other nations are approached as deals to be negotiated, often with a focus on immediate benefits rather than long-term alliances. This approach has led to strained relations with traditional allies and has raised questions about the United States' commitment to international institutions and agreements.

Conclusion

President Trump's second-term foreign policy represents a significant shift from traditional U.S. diplomacy. His expansionist ambitions, aggressive trade policies, and transactional approach to international relations have disrupted established norms and introduced new uncertainties into the global order. As these policies continue to unfold, their long-term implications for both the United States and the international community remain a subject of intense debate and concern.